Users

A user is an account that identifies the person accessing Magnolia. In addition to a username, Magnolia stores the user's full name, email address, languge and time zone by default. These settings can be edited by the user itself on the user preferences dialog.

Every user has a certain set of "permissions" to grant access to resources, content, apps and similar things. Users inherit their permissions from the groups and roles the are attached to, see organizing users. Use the Security app to edit the permissions of a user.

Types of users

	Type	Example
	Users	Accounts for people who work on site content such as authors, editors and publishers.
	System users	Technical accounts such as `superuser` and `anonymous` .
	Public users	End users or visitors of the site. They can be registered through the Public User Registration (PUR) module. Registering visitors allows you to provide them with personalized content such as members-only sections of the site, newsletters and mailing lists.

`superuser`

The term superuser may refer either to a system user (an account type) or to a role (a definition of what a user is allowed to do in the system). In a vanilla installation of Magnolia, the superuser role is assigned to the superuser account. In addition to the superuser role, the superuser account has some other roles too, see Default roles, groups and users.

As the name implies, the permissions of the superuser account are usually unrestricted in any way. For instance, superuser can read and write to all default JCR workspaces on / .

Best practice

On a production system, create specific users with distinct roles and deactivate the superuser account.

`anonymous`

The term anonymous may refer either to a system user or to a role. The latter is assigned to the former. Apart from the anonymous role, the anonymous system user is by default assigned other roles too, see Default roles, groups and users.

Every Magnolia resource intended to be accessible without authentication must be enabled for the anonymous system user. A users that interacts with Magnolia without authentication is determined as anonymous user.

On most systems, the rights and permissions of the anonymous role differ between author and public instances: allow read access to all on the public instance, while deny the same on the author instance. That is why you should not activate that role.

Editing user preferences

A logged-in user can set one's own preferences by clicking the Edit user profile action in the top right corner.

The action opens a dialog whose User profile tab allows changing the user's password, full name and email address:

Use the dialog's Preferences tab to edit the user's language and the time zone.

Setting the user time zone

Every user can set one's own preferred time zone. Open the user preferences dialog, click the Preferences tab and set the time zone accordingly.

Magnolia continues to record events such as page creation using the host server time. The recorded time is converted and displayed in the user's preferred time zone.

Organizing users

In Magnolia, users are organized as follows:

Users can have both roles and groups.
Groups can have groups and roles.
Roles can have only Access Control Lists (ACLs).

Permissions are defined in the ACL . Users inherit permissions from the roles and groups assigned to them.

In a small site you can manage users and groups in Magnolia. On a larger site (hundreds of users), it is better to manage users and groups in an enterprise-grade user management infrastructure such as Microsoft Active Directory. You would define roles and ACLs in Magnolia but manage users and groups in the external system.

Get a list of all permissions assigned to a user or group in the Tools tab of the Security app.

Editing user permissions

Every user known to Magnolia is granted a set of permissions defined by roles. You can either assign roles directly to a user, or assign a user to a group that itself grants a set of roles (see organizing users above).

Use the Security app to edit the permissions. The app is available in the Set up group of the AdminCentral and by default the superuser role is required to access it.

The Security app provides subapps to edit the users (system users and public users), groups and roles. Select the user you want to edit and double-click it or use the Edit user action. The Edit user action is available in the following subapps: Users, System users and Public users.

The dialog where you can edit user details has three tabs:

User info: Use this tab to edit the user's name and full name, the password, the email address, and the language, a property editable also in the user preferences dialog. You can use the tab to enable or disable a user account.
Groups: On this tab you can assign the user to existing groups:
Roles: On this tab you can grant roles to the user.

Automatic lockout

Automatic lockout is a security precaution that prevents users from accessing Magnolia after a number of failed login attempts.

By default, the lockout is triggered, and the account is automatically disabled by a minimum of N+1 failed login attempts. The number of failed attempts is configurable. When a non-existent username is entered lockout does not occur as the account does not exist. The lockout applies to system users and admin users but does not affect public users. After lockout, an administrator can re-enable the user account by checking the Enabled box in the user profile. When a lockout occurs, this checkbox is cleared.

The number of failed login attempts N that will trigger lockout is configurable using the property maxFailedLoginAttempts at Configuration > /server/security/userManagers/system and /admin. Different values may be set for Users and Systems Users.

Node name	Value
server
security
userManagers
system
class	info.magnolia.cms.security.SystemUserManager
lockTimePeriod	0
maxFailedLoginAttempts	5
realmName	system
admin
class	info.magnolia.cms.security.MgnlUserManager
lockTimePeriod	0
maxFailedLoginAttempts	5
realmName	admin

Properties:

`allowCrossRealmDuplicateNames`	optional , default is `false` Allows duplicate usernames in different realms. Only applicable to `admin` realm.
`class`	required A class that implements the `UserManager` interface. Implementations: `info.magnolia.cms.security.MgnlUserManager` manages users stored in Magnolia. `info.magnolia.cms.security.ExternalUserManager` manages JAAS users. `info.magnolia.cms.security.HierarchicalUserManager` is a variation of `MgnlUserManager` that stores users hierarchically using the structure `/<path>/<first letter of username>/<first two letters of username>` such as `/public/j/js/jsmith` . `info.magnolia.cms.security.DelegatingUserManager`retrieves the user's ACLs. `info.magnolia.cms.security.SystemUserManager` manages system users such as `anonymous` and `superuser` .
`disableCache`	optional , default is `false` Allows to disable caching if set to `true` .
`realmName`	required Realm name corresponding to JAAS login configuration.
`allowPartialResults`	optional, default is `false` Indicates what methods are used to deal with the `PartialResultException` exception thrown by the LDAP service provider (c.f. `java.naming.referral` property). `true` uses the `hasMoreElements()` and `nextElement()` methods. `false` uses the `hasMore()` and `next()` methods.
`connectionFactory`	optional A subnode which allows to specify a custom `connectionFactory` .
`class`	The class that implements the `connectionFactory` . The default class used is `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.DefaultConnectionFactory` . Two additional implementations are available: `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.JavaBeanBasedConnectionFactory` This implementation supports defining properties `securityPrincipal` and `securityCredentials` . For usage please see Apache's Generic JavaBean Resources. `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.JNDIResourceConnectionFactory` This is a JNDI resource based factory. It can be used with `com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory` or with `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.jndiresources.MagnoliaLdapContextFactory`. For usage please see Apache's Adding Custom Resource Factories.
`envPropertiesPredicate`	optional A subnode which specifies the `envPropertiesPredicate` . If not defined explicitly then the predicate accepts anything within the following namespaces: `java.naming.` (except `credentials` and `principal`) `com.sun.jndi.ldap.`
`class`	The class that implements the `envPropertiesPredicate` . The default class is `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.EnvPropertiesDefaultPredicate` .
`passwordDecoder`	optional A subnode which defines the decoding method of the admin password used by the `connectionFactory` . The decoder is available only with the `DefaultConnectionFactory` and `JavaBeanBasedConnectionFactory` connection classes. However, you can also write your own password decoder.
`class`	The decoder is available in three implementations: `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.password.NoOpPasswordDecoder` This implementation returns a password without any decoding. `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.password.ActivationKeyBasedPasswordDecoder` This implementation uses the same set of keys as activation. To gain an encoded password, use the `SecurityUtil.encrypt("password")` method. `info.magnolia.jaas.sp.ldap.connection.password.PasswordManagerBasedPasswordDecoder` This implementation loads the admin's LDAP password from the Password Manager module.
`pageSize`	optional, default is `500` Specifies the number of objects to be returned in a single search result.

External services

The LDAP Connector module is a standard JAAS login module that connects to any LDAP V3 supported directory service. This module is useful where an enterprise-grade user management infrastructure already exists. With the JAAS standard support you can meet single sign-on requirements or connect to legacy LDAP/ADS directory servers.

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