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To correct this define CATALINA_HOME in environment variables. Follow the instructions in Set JAVA_HOME environment variable.

JVM issues on Windows

32-bit JVM does not work in Windows

( Tested on Windows 10.) When starting up Tomcat with the Magnolia CLI mgnl start command, you get a flickering window, the server hangs and nothing is written into the logs. To see the actual error, don't use Magnolia CLI to start Magnolia, start Tomcat directly with <your-magnolia-install-folder>\apache tomcat\bin\catalina.bat run. This should start Magnolia in the same window and allow you to see the error message:

Error occurred during initialization of VM
Could not reserve enough space for 2097152KB object heap

The most likely cause is that you are trying to allocate too much heap space in the 32-bit JVM. 

Solution: Replace the JVM with a 64-bit version. 

Neither JAVA_HOME nor JRE_HOME is defined

You get the following error message after a fresh Java installation:

Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
At least one of these environment variables is needed to run this program

Solution: Set the variables through the "Edit the system environment variables" dialog.

JRE_HOME is undefined

If you get an error like this one:

The JRE_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
The environment variable is needed to run this program

then you are most probably attempting to run Tomcat with the JAVA_HOME variable set but without the JRE_HOME variable defined.

Solution: Set the JRE_HOME variable.

Java out of memory

If the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) does not have enough memory you may see a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError  in the startup log and Magnolia fails to start.

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